The Historical Geography of Mesopotamia Essay - 2201 Words

The Historical Geography of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a historical region in southwest Asia where the worlds earliest civilization developed. The name comes from a Greek word meaning between rivers, referring to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, north or northwest of the bottleneck at Baghdad. It is known as Al-Jazirah, or The Island, to the Arabs (3). South of this lies Babylonia. However, in the broader sense, the name Mesopotamia has come to be used for the area bounded on the northeast by the Zagros Mountains, and on the southwest by the edge of the Arabian Plateau, and stretching from the Persian Gulf in the southeast to the Anti-Taurus Mountains in the northwest (5). Only from the latitude of Baghdad do†¦show more content†¦Another of these national standards is knows and understands that physical processes shape patterns on the earth?s surface. This is also very important in the sense that this really is the core of geographic knowledge. I will try to incorporate this in by describing the e ffects of the twin rivers on this region. Another standard that I will use is knows and understands the characteristics, distribution, and migrations of human populations. This basically means that we should know how people end up where they are in the world. I plan on incorporating this point into my paper as well. And a final standard that I will use will be knows and understands the changes in meaning, distribution, and importance of resources. Natural resources are extremely important in any civilization. I plan to show how vital it was in the shaping of Mesopotamian history. Mesopotamia?s Favorable Geographic Circumstances Archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia, conducted since about 1840, have revealed evidence of settlement back to about 10,000 BC. Favorable geographic circumstances allowed the peoples of Mesopotamia to evolve from a hunter-gatherer culture to a culture based on husbandry, agriculture, and permanent settlements (1). Trade with other regions also flourished, as indicated by the presence in early burial sites of metals and precious stones not locally available (6). Mesopotamia is a flat, fertile land. Between Baghdad and the mouth of theShow MoreRelatedHow Did the Geographic Features of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Impact Civilization Development?1786 Words   |  8 Pagesto 2500 BC, the geography of a land often impacted a civilizations development in great measures. Depending on the resources available or the detriments present due to certain topographical characteristics like rivers or deserts, a civilization could flourish or collapse. 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Those fourteen chapters are each part of one of five sections. This book also contains over twenty historical images. Before the introduction, the author gives readers a full appendix of all images used in this published work. The author then gives his acknowledgements followed by a list of abbreviations. Part 1- Comparative studies The first section

Lit Task 1 aB Essay - 2055 Words

LIT1 – Task 1 (Part A) Sole Proprietorship: * Single Ownership - The single individual always owns sole proprietorship form of the business. The individual owns all assets and properties of the business and bears the risk of losing or gaining from the business. * No Sharing of Profit – The business is owned by an individual, therefore, all of the gains are directly available for the owner to access immediately. There is no friction between owners * One Man’s Control - The controlling power in a sole proprietorship always will be the owner. However, the owner is free to consult to whomever he/she likes. * Unlimited Liability - The liability of the sole proprietor is unlimited. 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Human Resource Management Woolworths Limited - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction HRM practice is referred to as the governance of employees of an organization that is responsible to create and implement the behavior of employees. The goal of HRM team is to balance the assets in a well organized manner. Due to certain management oriented problems the organization faced massive loss in the competitive business market; those HRM gaps are also going to be analyzed in this paper. In order to mitigate these gaps from the overall analysis, a conceptual model has been developed. The literature review firmly focuses on the best of Human Resource Management Practices that are perceived to be applicable by different organization. Here the best HRM practices maintained in an organization namely a WOOLWORTHS LIMITED are discussed. The norms and regulations of HRM practices are different in every organization. These will demonstrate different HRM business models and theories. Conceptual model of the Key factors of theories is also illustrated in this literature review. Literature Review on Best HRM practices perceived to be Applicable for Woolworths Limited Numerous best HRM practices are there, adopted by different organizations, these applicable practices are as followed: Structure development and business case development: Most of the known companies are evaluating this HR practices in order to develop the performance of the team as well as of the organization. Fan, Zhang and Zhu, (2013) stated that the business development is completely or somewhere partially dependent on the structure of the HR model. On the other hand, said that, impact of HR opportunity in structured governance and business case development, the level of efficiency is about 39%. At the same time, HR functionalities and the measurement of strategic people are interrelated to each other. Thus, from the discussion it can be concluded that the development of the HR structure leads the organization to massive growth. Development of workforce planning capabilities: The workforce planning is another vital approach that is defined in the field of HR practices. If the advanced approaches are not developed then, it will move the organization to competitive loss (Ali, 2012). From different approaches an argumentative outcome comes out that is, there is a major pitfall which is closely related to HR functions. At the same time, HR functions play the most important role in management of the entire organization. According to Howard, (2013) proper training and development programs are incorporated to the known organizations as these helps the organization to plan for the capabilities. Development of appropriate HR philosophies: Klikauer, (2012) stated that, the strategies planned for the HR management team of an organization must have appropriate philosophies regarding workforce of the organization. In order to develop an organization, massive and dynamic changes are needed to be incorporated by the HR practices. An organization has some of the best HR practices but recently the number of employee disengagement is increasing in a rapid manner. Lloyd-Smith, (2013) opined that, HR teams concentrate on the working environment of the employee. Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood, (2015) stated that the most effective philosophy regarding HR management firmly focuses on innovation and creation in the workplace. Thus, it can be concluded that this strategic implementation is vital from the organizational aspect. Flexible HR design: It takes around 20% of the total efficiency regarding HR practices in organizational development (Thite, Wilkinson Shah, 2012). HR success model is also referred to as a predictor and it allows several adaptive movements in the ground level of the organizational HR management. Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray, (2013) stated that all the HR staffs are capable to adopt the features of the models. Thus, from the argues it can be concluded that the HR design should be modeled in such as way that all the staffs including the management level employees should be able to access the flexible model (Parry Tyson, 2013). building of a perfect project plan regarding HRM is very crucial as the HR team of the organization is not enough efficient in their application fields (Rouditser McKeown, 2015). The employment management team basically helps to increase the knowledge management capabilities by analyzing different key factors. Development of HR skills: According to Price, Bailey and Pyman, (2014), the skills of the HR management team are the most important thing to develop the performance of the organization. Not only this, but also a training and development program should be incorporated for the HR management team of an organization as the most important role is played by the HR team (Mertens et al., 2016). While developing the project for an organization, human resource management team, the attributes will collaboratively make the possible and successful outcome of the company (Rangoato, 2013). The factors of the HRM team of an organization provide different options to the company and its consumers. Thus, proper management is very important. Improvement in line management capabilities: In order to develop the management capabilities all the employees working under the management team must be capable to do their job role in a proper way. An organization should improve their decision making power in terms of focused relation along with the employees and with the consumers of the company. Improvement of the capabilities of the manager: the manager of the organization should have to capable of their job role so that they can take an appropriate decision for the benefit of the company. The manager is an asset of the HRM team therefore; the decisions should involve the requirements of the employees also. Outsourcing HR strategies: In order to enable the internal teams to focus on particular set of factors outsourcing of strategic goals are important to be adopted by different organizations. Improvements of the outsourcing areas are possible by developing the economic scale, global coordination and rapid HRM growth. Measurement of HR operations and business metrics: In order to ensure the efficiency and business alignments an organization should focus on the HR operations and business strategies. These strategies implements strategic HR functionalities and crucial commercial decision making power to the organizations. These approaches provide secure connection between the HRM and employees efforts. Employee facing HR system: An organization should improve their HR system towards employees facing system. It means that, the system should have to be employees friendly in nature. Figure 2: HR practices (Source: Mertens et al., 2016, pp-194) Industry Best Practice HRM Models Woolworths Limited is one of the largest and popular retail industries having around 3200 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand (woolworthslimited, 2016). The literature focuses on the HRM of different organizations functionalities and different ways through which it deals with the supplies quality and inventory management as well. According to Zhang et al., (2015), HRM team plays a paramount role to manage the employment of an organization. Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray, (2013) stated that, as it is a manpower resource center, thus, it focuses on recruitment, selection of right people to set a precise objective for the organization. Sawang and Kivits, (2014) opined that, in order to accelerate the dynamic changes in a proper manner HRM team must concentrate on the strategic objectives and the individual employee need in the workplace. There are some HRM practices perceived that are effective from the organizational perspective. These strategies itself will reduce the gap occurred in Human Resources team of an organization. The practices are as followed: Recruitment and selection: Thite, Wilkinson and Shah, (2012) stated that, managerial styles and organizational culture based on HRM policies, highlights the appropriate structure development and skills measurement of every individual. At the same time, Blackwood Bentley, (2013) said that proper person should be recruited for appropriate job profile. It can be concluded that, HR practices need more attention to develop and maintain the competencies and behavior of every individual those are recruited and selected for the organization. Training and development: According to Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood, (2015) training and development in the organizational level outcomes always different in terms of functions and those can be identified as HR outcome, Overall performance outcome, financial outcome, changes in share market. Again, Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray, (2013) opined that HRM practices are used to develop firm specific competencies to create organizational knowledge for sustainable competitive advantages. From both the statements it can be concluded that the HRM practices in contemporary organizations should implement training and development programs. Klikauer, (2012) stated that, the strategies planned for the HR management team of an organization must have appropriate philosophies regarding workforce of the organization. In order to develop an organization, massive progression in employees carrier and dynamic changes are needed to be incorporated by the HR practices. Woolworth Limited organization has some of the best HR practices but recently the number of employee disengagement is increasing in a rapid manner. Lloyd-Smith, (2013) opined that, HR teams concentrate on the working environment of the employee. Pay and benefit: Thite, Wilkinson and Shah, (2012) stated that, key contents of the HRM approaches are designed and managed in such a way that, control all the necessities of organization from economical context. Parry and Tyson, (2013) opined that, executive pay and remuneration depending on the performance of every individual provides necessary benefit to the organization. Thus, it is concluded that motivation including reward functions are needed to be incorporated to accomplish the HRM practices of the organization. Performance appraisal and feedback: Blackwood and Bentley, (2013) opined that, HRM team motivates the employees for their positive performance. IN addition to this, Rouditser and McKeown, (2015) stated that, the organization which engages efficient staffs for higher performance should provide appraisal as per HRM norms. Therefore, it can be concluded that the requirements to redefine the HR strategies and practices are essential to enhance the performance of the organization. Labour relation: According to Sawang and Kivits, (2014) open communication is the most efficient thing to maintain the relationship among the HR management team and the employees working for an organization. Again, Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray, (2013) argued that, massive involvement to HR practices put positive impact to the organizational performance. Thus, it can be concluded that positive labour relationship maintenance is important to improve the organizational performance. Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood, (2015) stated that the most effective philosophy regarding HR management firmly focuses on innovation and creation in the workplace. Thus, it can be concluded that this strategic implementation is vital from the organizational aspect. FY14, the measurable objectives: From a survey report it is found that most of the organizations are strictly committed to the regular review and updates of the measureable objectives in order to ensure the continuous enhancement in the diversity profile that can support their business strategies. In the development of organizational strategies classical approach is the most efficient approach (Jamali, El Dirani Harwood, 2015). Most of the well known organizations follow the classical organizational model in order to understand the appropriate corporate strategy. The components of the model are as followed: cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Cooke, Wood Horwitz, 2015). This is another gap defined in WOOLWORTHS HRM practices. Conceptual Model of the Key Factors of Theories There are different HRM theories such as trait theory, behavioral theory used by various organizations. Woolworths Limited adopted different practice theories in order to increase the organizational HRM culture. The theories are as followed: Great man theory: The great man theory is referred to as the inborn leaders and not the made talent (Sawang and Kivits, 2014). In this case, leaders born with a talent and does not gain it from any outsources. Trait theory: The trait theory is referred to as the great man theory but after proving his or her talent. The employees working for the HRM of Woolworths Limited inherits certain unique qualities (Parry and Tyson, 2013). These lead them to behave like a leader of the company. It is capable to identify unique personalities and employees characters. It is one of the naturally pleasing theories and it provided constructive data about the leadership. These are all personality traits such as abilities, personal traits and motivational traits. Behavioral theory: This theory is based on the leadership characters that possesses by some of the employees. In Woolworth this feature can be obtained while working for the company and it is not is an inborn feature (Thite, Wilkinson and Shah, 2012). A leader leads the other employees and motivates them to give their best for the organizational improvement. Via learning and teaching one common employee can become a leader. Contingency theory: Contingency theory is referred to as the environment which helps to develop a leader within an organization. The surroundings of the leaders are effective for Woolworths limited (Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray, 2013). The relationship between the leaders and subordinates help to establish an effective communication. Situational theory: The level of confidence, respect rust and influences among the employees are stated as the situational theory (Blackwood Bentley, 2013). All the employees from the top level managerial team to the lower level management employees working for Woolworths limited are dependent on the situation theory. The Woolworths Company maintains the traits theory and contingency theory in order to develop their overall working structure. Figure 2: Conceptual Model of Theories for Woolworths (Source: Blackwood Bentley, 2013, pp-97) Critical Analysis of the HRM theories adapted by Woolworths The Woolworths organization follows both the Trait Theory and Contingency Theory for their human resource management. The trait theory has its disadvantages as most of the time; the physical characteristics of the leader are taken into consideration like weight, height, etc. The application of the Trait theory is not affective for Woolworths as subjective judgment is bound to it. On the other hand, the application of the Contingency theory is most suitable for the Woolworths Limited. The contingency theory allows Woolworths to ensure that the right people are available for the particular project. Through the application of the contingency theory, Woolworths exercise complete control over its employees throughout its all the locations. Summary After analyzing the overall Human Resource Management oriented factors of WOOLWORTHS LIMITED, a developing project plan is provided to the HR management team of the company in order to develop the existing strategic business structure. The existing strategic plan is needed to be analyzing first so that one could able to understand that what are possible changes might add to it. After the addition of certain factors the developed project plan is found to be efficient enough. The revenue of the company also mentioned in this assignment so that one could be able to understand the previous situation and the current situation of the company. Among all the Australian industries the rate of employee disengagement is found to be less in this organization. References Ali, A. (2012). Leadership and its Influence in OrganizationsA Review of Intellections.International Journal of Learning and Development,2(6), 73-85. Blackwood, K., Bentley, T. (2013). Out of Step? The Efficacy of Trans-Tasman Law to Combat Workplace Bullying.New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online),38(1), 27. Cooke, F. L., Wood, G., Horwitz, F. (2015). Multinational firms from emerging economies in Africa: implications for research and practice in human resource management.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(21), 2653-2675. Fan, D., Zhang, M. M., Zhu, C. J. (2013). International human resource management strategies of Chinese multinationals operating abroad.Asia Pacific Business Review,19(4), 526-541. Howard, T. (2013).High commitment human resource management and employee wellbeing(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Jamali, D. R., El Dirani, A. M., Harwood, I. A. (2015). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR HRM co creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), 125-143. Klikauer, T. (2012). The ethics of employment relations and human resource management: Kohlberg's seven levels of morality.New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online),37(2), 1. Lloyd-Smith, M. (2013). A discussion on whether Employers should always adopt a High Commitment approach when making employees redundant.Unpublished Paper,20, 11. Mertens, W., Recker, J., Kummer, T. F., Kohlborn, T., Viaene, S. (2016). Constructive deviance as a driver for performance in retail.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,30, 193-203. Mitchell, R., Obeidat, S., Bray, M. (2013). The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of High Performance Human Resource Practices.Human Resource Management,52(6), 899-921. Parry, E., Tyson, S. (2013).Managing People in a Contemporary Context. Routledge. Price, R., Bailey, J., Pyman, A. (2014). Varieties of collaboration: the case of an Australian retail union.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), 748-761. Rangoato, S. J. (2013).Discrimination based on HIV/AIDS status in the workplace(Doctoral dissertation, University of Limpopo). Rouditser, D., McKeown, T. (2015). The rhetoric realities of HRM evolution in SME growth. Sawang, S., Kivits, R. A. (2014). Greener workplace: understanding senior management's adoption decisions through the Theory of Planned Behaviour.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management,21(1), 22-36. Thite, M., Wilkinson, A., Shah, D. (2012). Internationalization and HRM strategies across subsidiaries in multinational corporations from emerging economiesA conceptual framework.Journal of World Business,47(2), 251-258. van Eeden, D. (2014).The Role of the Chief Human Resources Officer: Perspectives, Challenges, Realities and Experiences. Knowres Publishing. woolworthslimited,. (2016).woolworthslimited. Retrieved 6 August 2016, from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182381_Annual_Report_2015.pdf Zhang, M. M., Bartram, T., McNeil, N., Dowling, P. J. (2015). Towards a Research Agenda on the Sustainable and Socially Responsible Management of Agency Workers Through a Flexicurity Model of HRM.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), 513-523.

Pride and Honour- Mercutio and Tybalt Essay Example

Pride and Honour- Mercutio and Tybalt Paper The play I am referring to is the romantic tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 16th century, called ‘Romeo and Juliet’. The film was then interpreted again the 1990’s by a director called Baz Luhrmann. The key characters in this story are Romeo, one of the central protagonists; Juliet is the other main character. There is Mercutio who is Romeo’s best friend and finally Tybalt a character who is an enemy to most, and always wanting a fight. The basic outline of the story is: Romeo is part of the Montague house and Juliet is part of the Capulet house, in the play these two families have an ancient and on-going feud between them. The setting is in Verona, Italy where peace does not last for long. Romeo is faced with unrequited love between himself and Rosaline, part of the Capulet house. Then Mercutio takes Romeo and a few other friends to a ball at the Capulet mansion so Mercutio can prove that Rosaline isn’t the only girl ‘available’ to Romeo. Incidentally at the party Romeo meets Juliet and falls in love with her a first sight. A short while later Romeo and Juliet get married by a priest called Friar Laurence. After the wedding Tybalt is seen provoking the Montagues and insisting to start a fight. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Honour- Mercutio and Tybalt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Honour- Mercutio and Tybalt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Honour- Mercutio and Tybalt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eventually Mercutio get stabbed and Romeo pursues his best friend’s murderer, in revenge Tybalt is killed brutally by Romeo. Next the police sentence Romeo to banishment from ‘Verona walls’. Meanwhile Juliet is forced into a fixed marriage with a famous, rich lord called Paris. This love is again unrequited, with Juliet having no interest in him. Consequently Juliet goes to Friar Laurence and he gives her a potion to make her look dead on the day of the marriage so when Juliet wakes up she can run away with Romeo. The fatal flaw in this story is when Romeo finds Juliet looking dead he commits suicide and when she wakes up to find her lover killed she then slaughters herself. After hearing from the tragedies from both families the Capulet and Montague house end the feud and rivalry and become friendlier with each other. The story first starts with the Montague and Capulet houses having an open street brawl. Luhrmann chooses a petrol station for this encounter to create more atmosphere. We first meet Tybalt Capulet at the apocalyptic petrol station fight interpreted by Baz Luhrmann in the opening scene. The audience first witnesses him when he steps out of the Capulet car and the camera zooms in on his feet, putting out a cigarette. This shot demonstrates that Tybalt is a defensive and territorial character. Also this could show his superiority and protectiveness for the Capulet family. Additionally the cigarette being put out could signalise the Montague family possibly loosing the brawl by being crushed and the ‘light would have gone’. Tybalt is also represented as having an aggressive and violent persona by William Shakespeare in the opening scene. This is shown when Tybalt says ‘Peace, peace I hate the word’. Firstly when he repeats ‘peace’ this shows that he is mocking the expression. Secondly Tybalt emphasises the word ‘hate’ this illustrates his vented anger and frustration towards the Montague family. In his eyes the idea to end the rivalry is an insult and a disgrace to him. When Tybalt says this line he is refuelling the family feud. Tybalts general tone towards the Montague family is very icy and silky also he purposely mocks a lot of phrases made by the opposing family, this shows; he is not genuine and usually sarcastic. Tybalt dresses very dignified and superior, when the audience first sees him in the opening scene. Furthermore he is always seen (apart from one scene in which he dies), wearing a bullet proof jacket. This could show that he is all the time ready for a fight and never vulnerable. To back this point up Tybalt is constantly carrying around two pistols with the Capulet logo on them. Curiously he is seen wearing a vest with Jesus printed on the front during the opening fight. This might suggest that the never-ending family feud between the Capulet and Montague families could be because of a religious reason. Tybalt actions and movements give him he nick name ‘Prince of Cats’. This is supposedly so because he is very agile and swift like a cat. His activities are silkily and smooth and he also has a very accurate aim, in the street brawl Tybalt does not stumble or fall over at all. The next time the audience sees Tybalt is at the Capulet ball which Mercutio ‘smuggles’ Romeo and some friends into. Tybalt’s feelings during and after the ball are very strong towards the Montagues as he sees Romeo showing affection toward Juliet when they first meet. This is clear when he says ‘that villain Romeo’, which suggests that every member of the Montague family is seen as an enemy and foe without even knowing him personally. The phrase ‘don’t judge and book by its cover’ couldn’t be more evident during this line. Tybalt instantly assumes that Romeo is up to no good and a mischief maker when he sees the connection between Romeo and Juliet. Again during the Capulet ball Tybalt has the need to exert his anger and frustration about the central protagonists ‘wrong-doings ‘at he party by complaining to his uncle ‘Capulet’ the head of the family. He adamantly rejects Tybalts plea to start an open fight. Following this Tybalt becomes even more aggravated by this and tries to go out individually to fight the Montagues, without thinking about the possible consequences. In Act 3 Scene 1 it brings and end to Tybalt’s ‘reign of terror’ during the play. The setting of the corruption takes place on Verona beach when Tybalt and a few others approach the Montague’s looking to cause a scene and a fight. Luhrmann presents this encounter by playing sinister and menacing music to introduce the Capulets; this would give the audience the impression that there will be some sort of disagreement. The music is foreshadowing the epic brawl that is going too happened between the two houses. After the Capulets enter, the surrounding public is scared a frightened with an atmosphere of silence and quietness takes over the beach. It is obvious to see that society is afraid of the family feud and prospect of Tybalt starting a fight. Then Tybalt insults Mercutio by saying ‘thou art consort with Romeo’. Mercutio takes this the wrong way and thinks he possibly could have meant do you ‘homosexually like’ Romeo? Mercutio clashes with him the fight has started. Luhrmann uses dramatic and loud music to portray this melee. Also there are handheld camera shots of the two foes, showing the viewers the characters reactions and facial expressions. After Tybalt and Mercutio have thrown their insults at each other, Romeo pulls up in his car and tries to resolve the problem by shaking hands, but instead Tybalt rejects this offer and insists to fight with him. This action really reflects Tybalt’s overall personality; he is always ready to fight and is an aggressive and destructive character. But contrastingly he purposely removes his bullet proof vest to show he is ready for a fight to the death, additionally when Tybalt removes his vest it shows that he is expecting to win the fight. Lastly Tybalt’s friend Abra empties all of Tybalt’s bullets except for one which confirms that one person will die in the fight. Luhrmann really creates ambience in this scene by using the weather to portray the atmosphere and feeling of the characters. Firstly when Mercutio and Tybalt clash the weather suddenly become stormy and wind with thunder and lightning in the sky. This technique used is pathetic fallacy and gives the audience a huge insight into the character feelings. Such as Tybalt is feeling satisfied because he has got the exact reaction out of Mercutio as he wanted, he intended to agitate him and drive him on argue and clash against him. Next Tybalt fatally stabs Mercutio leading to his death, and in revenge Romeo peruses his friend’s murderer with vigorous action. In this bid of vengeance from Romeo he wildly and violently chases Tybalt who now looks life the coward as he is hunted down by Romeo. He seems scared and worried for his life, as if sub-consciously knowing that he has gone too far. Following on there is a short street battle, until Romeo finds a Capulet gun and shoots Tybalt many times before falling into a fountain underneath the Friar Laurence’s Church. Throughout the film Luhrmann uses all different types of imagery. He uses mainly fire and water imagery all through the movie. Water Imagery is often used or plays some part in a characters life in this play. Tybalt is seen falling into water when he dies, Romeo and Juliet’s first camera shots we either near or in water. Also fire imagery is portrayed after the opening scene after being a representation of the family feud. Fire destroys are consumed which is the similar connection with the on-going family rivalry. But water extinguishes fire, which could suggest that the deaths of Romeo, Juliet, Tybalt and Mercutio collectively put out the fire therefore dousing out the family feud. Mercutio is a character who can be described as polarised, two faced or multi-faceted. He has a very changeable and suddenly adaptable personality could change rather randomly. The two main ‘faces’ of Mercutio are: eccentric, flamboyant, playful and fun but he can become pensive, melancholy and easily frustrated. He is introduced by again the camera showing a close-up of his feet first before any part of his body. This is the first similarity between Tybalt that Luhrmann recognises. This shot could show that Mercutio is also protective, defence and territorial. Baz Luhrmann interprets the character of Mercutio as unconventional, bizarre and possibly homosexual in his actions. When the audience first see Mercutio in Act 1 Scene 5, just before the Capulet ball, he is dressed as a girl and uses a very high pitched voice, when he sings a song to try and cheers up Romeo from his heartbreak with Rosaline. The costume he wears matches that of his personality by being peculiar and strangely different. Also the director understands the character to be homosexually attracted towards Romeo. This is backed up by the way he talks nimbly, politely and lightly to Romeo. Another trait of Mercutio is that he enjoys being the centre of attention and ‘centre stage’. This is backed up because during the Capulet ball Mercutio is seen numerous times dancing and singing solo on the stage. At the first glimpse of the party Romeo is having a hallucination and in his ‘dream’ he saw Mercutio singing ‘Young hearts Run Free’, with him also being the main act on the stage. This choice of song strongly reflects Mercutio’s ‘happy’ side. The lyrics of the song is about someone who does what ever he/she wants when ever they like, which is very alike to Mercutio’s personality as he does not usually follow anyone else’s lead and mainly decides to do what he wants. Also the music is loud and blaring again portraying Mercutio’s persona. The final part of the story that Mercutio plays a major piece in is Act 3 Scene 1 in which he dramatically dies. The significance of his words before he dies illustrates that he could have been upset with the Montagues before he died. Additionally when Mercutio says ‘A plague o both your houses’, this suggests that Mercutio is exclaiming that he is cursing both the Montague and Capulet houses, and blatantly accusing them of causing his death. Mercutio is also fully aware that the family feud has claimed yet another life. Hence he has unintentionally sacrificed himself, in another opposing family brawl. This portrays his pride because in theory it is Mercutio’s own fault that he was murdered, for interfering when he wasn’t needed. He irritated and antagonised Tybalt consequently leading to his own downfall. Moreover this could be interpreted differently by stating that Mercutio was protecting himself and Romeo, from Tybalt but it was Romeo’s fault for not defending him. Lastly Mercutio says ‘A scratch, A scratch’ after he has been fatally stabbed. This proves that de does not want the recognition or attention for his terminal injury. Mercutio believes that he should not show his discomfort, distress, or worry as he feared he could be called a coward. After this is takes his late few steps and struggles onto Verona Beach and dies. In Mercutio’s final scene he is wearing a white shirt, this could indicate that he was innocent in this battle, as white is the colour of purity. Finally with Mercutio dying on the beach the sand could show that the brawl that had just happened could have been a ‘western showdown’ with the windy conditions, loud dramatic music and desert like surroundings. The water imagery used in Mercutio’s death is before the Capulets come to the beach, he is shooting into the water angry because of Romeo’s mystery towards them. His friend Benvolio insists that they leave otherwise they ‘will not escape a brawl’ as there is a lot of tension and anxiety between the opposing families. Also Mercutio dies on the beach which is near water, again showing the water imagery presented in this film. It is obvious to say now that water imagery is a symbol or foreshadows death. Finally to sum this essay up the characters Tybalt and Mercutio are portrayed and illustrated as slightly contrasting personalities by William Shakespeare and Baz Luhrmann. There are many similarities and difference between them, but overall in the story they are both represented as very proud and honourable characters, no matter how extreme and bizarre, every story must have some sort of entertainment.