Explain in detail the responsibilities of the different...

M1 – Explain in detail the responsibilities of the different levels of government in the UK The central government is responsible for the health and safety of people, they provide health and safety by maintaining and improving the quality of the environment. The government also has the power to make laws for the entire country, in contrast with local governments. However, the Prime Minister (David Cameron) is head of the UK government so he’s responsible for all of the policy and decisions he makes. The central government has the responsibility to create laws unlike other levels of government; this is because if all levels were able to do the same then it would cause great confusion to citizens. One of the central governments is the†¦show more content†¦The devolved parliaments are able to maintain their responsibilities because they have been decentralised. The regional governments are responsible for the formulation of planning policy. They form an important and essential interface between policies at the national and local level. They regional government also focus on key issues of the region, set priorities and the core policies that form the basis of their regional space strategy. LocalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Identify the Purposes of Different Types of Organisations.1685 Words   |  7 Pagesinto one file (with three different parts) and submit hardcopies of it before 2.00 pm on 26 July 2013. Deadlines Part A of the assignment: draft to be shown before 14 June 2013 Part B of the assignment: draft to be shown before 28 June 2013 Part C of the assignment: draft to be shown before 12 July 2013 Final Submission of all of the three components (part A, B and C): You must submit all of the above components collated into one file (with three different parts) and submit hardcopiesRead MoreBussiness Environment1585 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment brief BTEC Higher National Diploma (Business) Level 4 ACADEMIC COLLEGE OF LONDON |Unit Number |1 | |Unit Title |Business Environment | |Name of the Assessor | Read MoreBussiness Environment1600 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment brief BTEC Higher National Diploma (Business) Level 4 ACADEMIC COLLEGE OF LONDON |Unit Number |1 | |Unit Title |Business Environment | |Name of the Assessor | Read MoreEffective And Efficient Project Management1464 Words   |  6 Pagesframework that we are going to analyze is the PRINCE2. PRINCE2 (an acronym for PRojects IN Controlled Environments) is a de facto process-based method for effective project management. Used extensively by the UK Government, PRINCE2 is also widely recognised and used in the private sector, both in the UK and internationally. The PRINCE2 method is in the public domain, and offers non-proprietorial best practice guidance on project management. Key features of PRINCE2: †¢ Focus on business justification †¢ DefinedRead MoreUnderstand employment responsibilities and rights in health, social care or children and young peoples settings1311 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿201: Understand employment responsibilities and rights in health, social care or children and young peoples settings 1.1 - List the aspects of employment covered by law. Disability Discrimination Act Sex discrimination Health Safety Right to work Minimum wage Equal employment opportunity Harassment Time off work Notice of dismissal Holiday Holiday pay 1.2 - List the main features of current employment legislation. Disability Discrimination Act Health Safety Other relevantRead MoreResponsibilities and rights of employees and employers Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ 1. Know the statutory responsibilities and rights of employees and employers within own area of work. 1.1 List the aspects of employment covered by law The law in UK covers the following aspects: Minimum wage, Hours worked, Discrimination, Health and safety, Holiday entitlements, Redundancy and dismissal, Training, Disciplinary procedures, Union rights and consultation, among many others. Labour law covers the deal between employee and employer, Health and safety cover the work conditionsRead MoreRisk With High Impact, Is For Consumer Health Organization Convention1729 Words   |  7 Pagesproduct s packages that smoking kills, the government prevents advertising and prohibits the sale to minors, all this, in order to reduce the impact on the population. Following the World Health Organization convention, they expect an even more restrictions. These restrictions impose to BAT to work in tight regulatory regimes, and it definitely limited revenues. Surely BAT, has an internal group of experts on regulations and trends that the government intends to take. BAT for its part could commitRead MoreThe Importance Of Safeguarding The Wellbeing Of Children And Young People1599 Words à ‚  |  7 Pages14 -Understand How to Safeguard the Wellbeing of Children and Young People 1.1 Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people Policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people are - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 - which ensure that children are safe and looked after, children have the right to be protected from all forms of physicalRead MoreHsbc Corporation Social Responsibility Research Report1083 Words   |  5 Pages02/12/2013 02/12/2013 08 Fall 08 Fall HSBC Corporation Social Responsibility Research Report Introduction HSBC is one of the largest global banks with around 6900 offices in over 80 countries. HSBC Canada has its head office in Vancouver and executive office in Toronto. HSBC has a wide range of business products including commercial banking which provides both domestic and cross border financing, retail banking and wealth management for personal banking services, and global bankingRead MoreA Brief Note On Barriers Faced By Women During Construction Industry981 Words   |  4 Pagescommitments will be examined along with other possible barriers. The relevant policies and best practice guideline promoting gender equality and offering better opportunities for women in construction and the extent to which the policies meet the government and the industry expectations will be reviewed and analysed. 3.2 The Status of Women in Construction The predominant image of construction is that of a male-dominated industry requiring brute strength and a good tolerance for outdoor conditions

Argumentation and Fallacies Reductio Ad Absurdum

Essay Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst - 2025 Words

Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst You step out of your car onto this amazing white sand beach. You walk toward the water and notice all of these beautiful women coming toward you and saying your name. As you start to lay the charm down you notice that one of them is chewing on your leg. Then all of a sudden all of them are taking huge bites out of you and ripping you apart. You try to escape but you seem to be unable to do anything in your defense. AAAAHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!! All of a sudden you awake in a frantic scream. You realize you are still in one piece and that no beautiful women really want you, you are just the same loser you were the day before. Dreams such as this one I described above happen to millions of people all over†¦show more content†¦He attended college in Vienna to study medicine. After this he became a very respected physician and then got involved in the world of the unconscious. Freud was very interested in hysteria. After many years and several books, Freud became an extremely popular man both for his great works and his wild thoughts on dreaming and the relation to life (Psychology). Freud was the first psychological thinker that believed that the unconscious is a big part in realizing a persons inner self. He was also the first person to give a very detailed description of the unconscious and also provide a way of taking our unconscious thoughts and making them into a language we understand and interpret. When Freud would work on his patients he believed that by interpreting their dreams he could better understand what their problems were and what their innermost thoughts were. Freud believed that dreams all have hidden messages from the innermost self and tell about desires and fantasies that the body wants to come true. Freud outlined a dream into four parts. They are Condensation, Displacement, Considerations of Representability, and Secondary Revisions. Condensation is the part of the dream that uses one symbol to represent several images or ideas. Displacement, Freud believes, is when your mind takes something that is very important and makes it into something that has less importance in their lives. Considerations of Representability is the part of the dream that uses phrasesShow MoreRelatedFreud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship835 Words   |  4 PagesFreudJung Introduction The relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meetRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Psychoanalysis1636 Words   |  7 Pages This passage from â€Å"Psycho-analysis,† Sigmund Freud’s essay detailing the origins, methods, and applications of his theory of psychoanalysis, reveals the utility of his approach in understanding what lies beneath the surface through the interpretation of dreams, which later psychoanalytic critics related to the interpretation of literature. Freud’s description of his psychoanalytic theory considers it an approach to unlocking knowledge that is impossible to discover through prior methods of psychologyRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease r ooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreInterpretation Of Dreams In Kalpa Sutra833 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Dreams in Kalpa Sutra: Comparative Analysis with Freud’s Psychology of Dreams ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study attempts to analyze the psychology of dreams as given in ancient Jain text – Kalpa Sutra. Further this psychology and interpretation of dreams has been discussed in view of a renowned psychologist – Sigmund Freud how he understands of the psychology of dreams. The comparativeRead More Freud and Jung Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesFreud and Jung The psychological genre as it relates to sociological and medicinal matters has gained an increasing amount of scientific approval. Impartiality and the scientific method are both integral components to a psychologist’s mode of practice. However, even the most esteemed of psychologists can only speculate at what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes play no function in psychology. Everything is relative and open to conjecture. Theologians give us their visions or thoughtsRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Phychoanalysis821 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist best known for developing the theories and techniques of psychoanalysis. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis which is a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on the free association, dreams and fantasies of the patient. Sigmund Freud was greatly influenced by the work of his friend and colleague Josef Breuer. Together the two published their t heories and findings in Studies of Hysteria. Eventually the two parted waysRead MoreHistory of Modern Psychology: Anna Freud 1346 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology history between 1850 and 1950 (Goodwin, 2005). Freud Sigmund was not only among the Freudian to build credibility in psychology field, this is because Anna Freud-her youngest daughter took career in psychology and made important contributions in the history of psychology. The paper will discuss the background of Anna, her theoretical perspective, and the contributions she made to the field of psychology. Anna’s Background Martha and Sigmund had six children, the youngest was Anna born in DecemberRead MoreSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dreams Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalysis’, Sigmund Freud, is perhaps known for his theories involving the human brain. During the late 1800s, his therapeutic techniques dealing with psychopathology made him quite influential within and throughout the sphere of psychology and his work has had a tremendous impact on modern culture and common opinion. Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, first published in 1899, takes into account dream interpretation and theories involving the human brain, why humans dream and what they couldRead MoreAnna Freud1216 Words   |  5 PagesANNA FREUD Anna Freud Anna Freud Selecting a woman that made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famousRead MoreEssay on Discuss Some Of The Main Ideas1711 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud considered himself a scientist whose intention was to find a physiological and materialist basis for his theories of the psyche. Freud revolutionised the way in which we think about ourselves. From its beginnings as a theory of neurosis, Freud founded and developed psychoanalysis into a general psychology, which became widely accepted as the predominant mode of discussing personality, behaviour and interpersonal relationships. Freud, who had been studying neuropathology, left Vienna

Jehoshaphat - 1719 Words

Jehoshaphat Submitted By: Timothy L. Rhiney OTS 315 Ancient Israel Dr. Hannah Harrington February 21, 2012 Introduction Thesis Statement of Points The power of God A. Pray and seek the Lord God Answers Jehoshaphats prayers So why pray? A. Prayer admits our own limitations B. Prayer opens our eyes to the power of God IV. Conclusion/Summary Bibliography Introduction: Theres a story in the Old Testament that people of God are faced with everyday. A situation that is utterly outside their control, a situation that threatens to completely destroy them; one they have absolutely no resources†¦show more content†¦One time when he was king, he had an opportunity to really trust God. King Jehoshaphat received news that was very frightening. A lookout guard for the city brought some terrible news to the king. Their enemy had unexpectedly come to fight them. They were very close to the city. The army was large and very powerful. The situation looked frightening for King Jehoshaphat and his people. The first thing that Jehoshaphat did was to pray and ask God for help. He asked all the people not to eat for the day. Instead, he asked them to pray and ask God for help. Then, King Jehoshaphat stood in front of the people and prayed to God. He praised God for how powerful and wonderful He was. He asked God to help them defeat this enemy. He told God that they could not do anything without God’s help. God heard King Jehoshaphat’s prayer. God sent a messenger named Jahaziel to speak to all the people. He told them to listen to what the Lord said. He said, â€Å"Do not be afraid or discouraged because of this big army. For the battle is not yours, but God’s.† God told them to wait until the next day to fight. God showed that when they marched to fight, they would see how God would win the battle for them. Early the next morning, Jehoshaphat and his army went out as God told them. He asked people to come and sing songs to God and play beautiful music to God. They sang at the front of the army. As they sang, God sentShow MoreRelatedPrayer Warriors in the Bible733 Words   |  3 Pagesto the Higher Court on behalf of their defendants. Were all guilty before God, but God is merciful. Prayer warriors recognize that quality of Gods personality and call on Him for intervention. In the Bible we have several prayer warriors. Jehoshaphat was King of Judah when he received word that his land was being invaded. In 2 Chronicles 20:1-24. The king prayed fervently to the Lord: O LORD, God of our fathers, are you not the God who is in heaven? You rule over all the kingdoms of the nationsRead MoreHistorical Descendants from the Old Testament: Jesus Christ and the Tribe of Judah751 Words   |  3 Pagesof King Solomon. King Rehoboams legacy was that of losses. He was succeeded by Abijam his son. He was succeeded by Asa. Asa was a man of integrity, he ruled for 49 years and revived the Lords worship. He was succeeded by Jehoshaphat who reigned for 25 years. King Jehoshaphat was devoted to the Lord and a diplomat. He was succeeded Jehoram his son who was evil. He was succeeded by Ahaziah his son who also followed in the evil ways of his grandfather Ahab. He was succeeded by Queen Athaliah who wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Isaiah 58 : 1-12 Records A Message Of God1359 Words à ‚  |  6 Pagesdistress can only solemnly be obtained from God and through fasting, God can provide that power. In 2 Chronicles 20, Jehoshaphat announced a fast throughout all the land of Judah when he found out that the Moabites and the Ammonites were going to attack them. 2 Chronicles 20:3 says, And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the Lord, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah. Jehoshaphat feared for his people and the only way he attained courage was through fasting and seeking the Lord; and he andRead MoreOld Testament Exegetical Paper Ââ€" Isaiah 621683 Words   |  7 Pagesnames. Hephzibah and Azuba (meaning ‘Desolate) were the names of the queen mothers of Manasseh and Jehoshaphat respectively. This implies, rather indirectly that Jerusalem, as a city has a roleÂâ€"the consort of YHWH, someone he delights in (Halpern 369). The ironical thing is that the names given dont match the circumstances of the queen mothers. Azubas name means abandoned but her son Jehoshaphat was a good and righteous king. Hephzibahs name implies exaltation but her son King Manasseh was rejectedRead MoreEssay about Orgon The Good, Or Orgon The B690 Words   |  3 Pagesasking you to trust our word. Suppose that from some hiding-place in here you learned the whole sad truth by eye and ear-what would you say of your good friend, after that?; Orgon says, amp;#8220; Why, Iamp;#8217;d sayamp;#8230;.nothing, by Jehoshaphat! It canamp;#8217;t be true! (Act 4, scene 3) At the end of Moliereamp;#8217;s play, Orgon suddenly has a change of heart when he sees and hears for himself that Tartuffe has in fact deceived him and his family. Orgon says angrily, amp;#8220;Read MoreA Brief Look at Genesis832 Words   |  3 PagesThe dead sea’s greatest was as a barrier (Bible Places.com, 2014).It blocked traffic to Judah from the east (Bible Places.com, 2014). The Moabites and Ammonites probably crossed a shallow part of the Dead Sea when they were trying to attack King Jehoshaphat (2 Chr 20) (Bible Places.com, 2014). Ezekiel the prophet, prophesied that one day the Dead Sea would one day become fresh water (Bible Places.com, 2014).The dead Sea has multiple names in history and Scripture (Bible Places.com, 2014). The BibleRead MoreLet The Punishment Fit The Crime1382 Words   |  6 Pagesadherence to a religious opinion contrary to church dogma. When Dante is in want of understanding of the shades in this particular circle Farinata Degli Uberti speaks up and says â€Å"They will forever be locked up when they return here from Jehoshaphat with the bodies that they left up in the world, the private cemetery on this side serves Epicurus and his followers, who make the soul die when the body dies† (Dante, Inferno 10 .10-15). Epicurus was a Greek Philospher whose philosophy centeredRead MoreTimeline Old Testament Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesJudah (The Southern Kingdom) Kings Ruled * Rehoboam 930B.C.- 913B.C. * Abijim 913B.C.-910B.C. * Asa 910B.C.-869B.C. * Jehoshaphat 872B.C-848B.C. * Jehoram 852B.C.-841B.C. * Ahaziah 841B.C. * Athaliah 841B.C.-835B.C. * Joash 835B.C.-796B.C. Read More`` Two Kinds By Amy Tan1460 Words   |  6 Pagesto be. The idea of no achievement made it harder for her as she grew up, due to the extensive test her mother would give her during dinner. â€Å"One night I had to look at the Bible for three minutes and then report everything I could remember. â€Å"Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance and†¦that’s all I remember, Ma.† I said. â€Å"And after seeing, once again, my mother’s disappointed face, something inside me began to die† (130). Having the thought of failing in the eyes of her mother made it harderRead MoreWRSP 510 Book Review Paper5258 Words   |  22 Pagesthe power that is manifest through genuine praise and worship. Relative to praise he discusses power, pattern, people and the Person in whom our praise is focused. Mathena illustrates his first three points using the story of King Jehoshaphat in 2 Chronicles. As Jehoshaphat had received word that his kingdom was going to be attacked he engaged in a unique strategy of warfare, one I don’t think the U.S. Dept. of Defense has employed, nor deployed. He first called the nation together to pray and fast

Adolescence Essay - 879 Words

Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, this is the time where the person changes in cognitive and physical ways. Adolescence is the period after a child hits puberty and ends depending on culture. Biologically, the child experience sexual maturation, there are two categories that fall into it. Primary and secondary characteristics evolve from it. Primary sexual characteristics include the maturation of reproductive organs. Secondary sexual characteristics are, â€Å"visible parts of the body that signal sexual maturity,† such as breasts and widened hips for girls, facial hair for boys, and pubic hair for both girls and boys. Many kids during this time explore their interests and reach for more independence from†¦show more content†¦In the adolescent stage from ages 12 to 14 relationships usually last about five months on average. When Christopher was younger he described looking for, â€Å"girls for their body figure and the things they had materialistically. When one is young they start to focus on the things that are expensive and ‘in style’.† When I asked Christopher how long did his previous relationships last, he answered, â€Å"longest [was] 9 months, on average [they lasted] 2-3 months†¦.Now I focus on things that will benefit me in the future and look at girls for what they have in the inside and how they make me feel.† He also stated key words such as, respect and happiness. Respect is a sign of a healthiness and maturity in the adolescent brain. I asked him what qualities he looked for in a girl and he said â€Å"I actually don’t care about what perks people have. I would rather know their mistakes and past problems. This can lead me to get an idea of how their brain work, when placed into certain situations.† As they reach adulthood they last longer and are more steady, lasting maybe up to two years (Carver, Joyner, Udry, 2003). Choosing a girl/ woman that can m ake proper decisions, helps humans biologically survive in this world. He said, â€Å"knowing the pain that an unhealthy relationship can affect a child causes us to latch on to each other even more†¦. There are numerous things that other girls I’ve dated in the past don’t have, as the one I am dating right now. We areShow MoreRelated Adolescence Essay906 Words   |  4 Pages Adolescence According to the dictionary, the word â€Å"Adolescence† is the stage of youth; or maturity. And yet, if you really think about it, that definition merely touches the surface. Adolescence is that part of ones life that he or she will never forget because it plays a big role in the formation of who that person will become. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is quite normal for parents to think they know their children; REALLY know their children. In fact what they know, in most cases, is theirRead MoreAdolescence Peers Essay744 Words   |  3 Pagesperson has friends, their peers can also introduce them to negative things such as alcohol, drugs, sex and crimes. Individuals adopting the behaviors of others because of pressure is called conformity. Conformity is very strong during the adolescence years, because they feel like if they do not be like a particular group then they would not be accepted. Examples of peer pressures of conformity includes having the latest fashion, liking the same types of music, speaking the same type of languageRead MoreStress In Adolescence Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pages Adolescence is the period in one’s life when there are new experiences that set off unfamiliar emotions and evoke unusual actions in response to the stimuli. This stage in one’s life may be overwhelming and confusing because he/she is not a child anymore nor an adult. Adolescents are receiving more responsibilities, more expectations, and more difficult tasks to complete in order to transition into an adult. Even though this means more freedom and more opportunities, growing up is not easy. It isRead More Adolescence Developmen t Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’sRead MoreThe Struggle Through Adolescence Essays1930 Words   |  8 Pages Adolescence has been depicted as a time typified by stress and storm for both, parents and friends of adolescents.This is evident with increased disagreements between both parent-child and peer relationships. Hall, (1904) suggested that this period occurs due to a search for identity. The following essay will examine and provide evidence to understand why there is an increase in conflict throughout a period of adolescence. During the period of adolescence, children often clash with their parentsRead MoreMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Development PSY/375 1-24-11 Deborah Wilkerson Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Changes in Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood and Adolescence Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating Read MoreAdolescence Sexual Development Essay833 Words   |  4 Pages Life is full of changes and in the period of the adolescence the changes start to develop what a person will be in the adultness. Many factors are matured in the teenage years as an example, one of them is sexuality. Sexuality can be a very important variable in the life of an adolescent, because in this life period the sexual identity is defined. There are three strong circumstances that can define the sexual identity of an adolescent: The biological characteristic, love and pornography. The biologicalRead MoreUnderstanding Adolescence Problems Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Problems of Adolescence: Concept Analysis There are several problems that adolescence encounter on a daily basis that are part of life and growing up. These problems can range anywhere from anger, anxiety, and attitude to sex, homosexuality, or violence. Almost everyone at some point and time of their adolescence, experience situations in their lives that are common to several others in their age range. The things that we go through during this time period help mold us into youngRead MoreThe Sense of Self in Adolescence: Teenager Movies Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pageswriting scripts for movies, getting into the music industry, and performing. However, in the end, he was set on writing a book about Patrick and Sam, and was committed to making it happen. He picked up a passion for writing stories and was writing essays on books for his English teacher in his free time. (Halfon, Malkovich, Smith Chbosky, 2012) Then we have Ronnie, who was in more of a Moratorium identity status. On one of his dates with Cindy, he brought her to look at the moon with a telescopeRead More Looking Back at Adolescence Essay examples508 Words   |  3 Pages Adolescence is a part of growing up between leaving the childish ways behind and slowly preparing more mature roles as an adult. This is a very confusing part of growing up because this is a time were we are trying to find our identity, creating our long term goals, and making decisions that may affect our lives forever. This can also be characterized as a part where we are trying to fit in a society which we feel we belong because we share the same experiences, thoughts and feelings. Also in

Automotive Industry and Car free essay sample

Company History Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (PERODUA), established in 1993, is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partners. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Perodua mainly produces small-compact cars therefore does not directly compete with Proton for the same market niche. In the United Kingdom their cars are sold by Proton dealers who wish to attract customers seeking a smaller and cheaper alternative to the Proton range. Besides the UK and Singapore, Perodua also exports their cars to Brunei, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Nepal And Mauritius in small numbers by local dealers. The company started operations in 1994 and the ever so popular Perodua Kancil was introduced to the Malaysian market in August the same year. To date, the following vehicles have rolled out of the Perodua plant: †¢ The Perodua Rusa March 1996 †¢ The Perodua Kembara August 1998 †¢ The Perodua Kenari – June 2000 The Perodua Kelisa – August 2001 †¢ The Perodua Myvi – May 2005 †¢ The Perodua Viva – May 2007 †¢ The Perodua Nuatica 4WD – May 2008 †¢ The Perodua Alza – November 2009 As of 30 September 2010, Perodua has sold some 1. 85 million units of vehicles of various models. Perodua headquarters is located on an 138-hectare site in Sungai Choh, Rawang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. It houses among others Perodua corporate building, RD testing laboratories and styling studio, vehicle test track, manufacturing plant, engine plant, pre-delivery inspection area, vehicle distribution stockyard and parts warehouse. Perodua Auto Corporation Sdn Bhd (PCSB) was established in the final quarter of 2001. Besides Perodua, the two other joint venture partners of PCSB are Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. and Mitsui Co. Ltd both of Japan. The manufacturing operations of the Perodua Group are being managed by PCSB. Recent Company Development As compared to Proton, Perodua has been quite successful in its business ventures. Its cars are very popular among Malaysians such as the recently introduced Perodua Myvi, which sold 7413 units in October 2010, outselling its rival’s bestselling car, the Proton Saga, which only sold 6535 units in Malaysia. In 2009 and 2010, Perodua became the bestselling car company in Malaysia. It is because Perodua knows how to fulfill the customer needs such as saving the transportation cost, customers don’t need spending a lot on petrol. Effect of the economy recession, consumers would like to buy a car which can save cost. The company knows Perodua Myvi has good market demand, without losing such great opportunity, at July  07, 2010; Perodua launched a Myvi Limited Edition (Myvi LE)with added features to make it even more appealing to Malaysians. The new car has been given a fresh exterior look with newly design fog lamps, front grille, hood, grade mark with exclusive Limited Edition and emblem while the interior has been updated with new exclusive fabric, decorative cubic painting centre cluster, silver painted chrome finishing steering wheel, chrome door inner handle. For further comfort and satefy, radio CD-player with MP3/WMA,USB Bluetooth and dual SRS airbags at driver passenger have also been added in. Prices for the Myvi LE range between RM48,100 to RM48,600. New colour has been added; Dazzling Red. SWOT Analysis Strength 80/20 rule The price that offered by Perodua is cheaper compared to other competitors. Almost 80% of Malaysians are affordable to purchase Perodua’s product. 80% of Malaysians are employees; they can’t afford to pay more in buying a vehicle. So that, Perodua’s car will become one of their choices when they are planning to buy a car. According to 80/20 rule, 80% of Malaysians are affordable to buy the car; it’s a good for Perodua. Affiliate with Japanese car maker Perodua is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partner. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Among those shareholders, Daihatsu is a Japanese car brand; its biggest shareholder is Toyota Motor Corp. This make Perodua indirectly linked to Toyota. Learning centre Perodua launch its learning centre on 4 December. The learning centre provides lots of course for those who are interested to join the automobile industry. Besides that, Perodua also provide courses for the engineers inside the company. Those courses can help them to improve their technical skills and working experience. There are 2 courses provided by Perodua, they are Perodua Technical Education System (PTES) and Perodua Technical Education System (Advance). Perodua also conduct special programmers for school leavers (SPM) such as Perodua Youth Training Programmed (PYTP). Those school leavers are recruited and train in-house until they qualify to MLVK Level 1. This PYTP is enabling young people to gain valuable knowledge and skills that increase their chances of employment. Entities of Perodua Group There are 3 entities inside Perodua Group. Those 3 entities are Perodua Sales Sdn Bhd (PSSB), Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PMSB) and Perodua Engine Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PEMSB). Those entities are working on their own basis, for example PSSB is monitor on the sales of products and services. This kind of distribution can make the managing process become easier. Top management can easily monitor those 3 entities in terms of their own working basis. This can reduce conflict between those entities and increase efficiency of managing and manufacturing process among these entities. Weakness Lack of expertise in design Perodua’s car doesn’t have a nice appearance compare to other imported car. It is because Perodua doesn’t have enough designer in designing car models if compare to other imported car makers. This is a weakness for Perodua in order to compete with competitors, such as Proton. Although Perodua had just launched its learning centre, but the learning centre doesn’t provide courses of designing a car. This learning centre can’t help Perodua in terms of increase the expertise of designers in-house. Some of the car model that launch by Perodua is taken from Daihatsu, for example Perodua Kancil’s original model design is copied from Daihatsu Mira. Although there is no Daihatsu Mira in Malaysia, but it’s very easy for those car lover to recognize it. This will lead to the perception of Malaysian that Perodua duplicate the model from Daihatsu; this will affect the reputation of Perodua. Production cost increase The instability of economy in year 2008 made lots of businesses collapse. This economy recession also affect Perodua in terms of production cost. The instability of economy make Perodua production cost increase, this will decrease the marginal profit for the sales. Decrease in profit will affect to the research and development. It is because if the profit become lower than before, the company will cut off some cost to prevent lost in the financial. This will lead to low RD in terms of production and manufacturing. Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) | | |Internal Strategic Factors |Comment | |Strength | | |S1. Reasonable price |Affordable by public | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |Positive image | |S3. Learning Centre |More expertise trained | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups |Less conflict | |Weakness | | |W1. Lack of expertise |Lack of designer | |W2. Increase of production cost |Lowering the profit | Opportunities Low Fuel Price Due to the market fuel price is getting low; now people are switching their lifestyles. Recently, people prefer to have their own car rather than using public transport. They are preferably to pay more in buying car rather than to pay the expensive fuel rate, because petrol is being use every time, everywhere. Actually there is indirect negative relationship between fuel price and the demand of car. When fuel price is decreasing, the demand of car will be increase. Why is it like these, because fuel is the complement product for cars so people will increase their usage of the car when the fuel price is getting low, therefore automatically the demand of car will increase rapidly. Government Protection Government provides sufficient protection for local industry especially in automotive industry because there only have two domestic automotive manufactures which is Perodua and Proton. They stated many policy over the foreign company like tariff and non- tariff barrier to control the import rate. Usually government will charge high tax or duty on imported cars, or in other way they will set a quota for the imported cars. All regulation made by government is to look after local industry and prevent market cannibalization by foreigner. Protection given by government provided opportunity for Perodua to sustain their position in domestic industry and also dominate the Malaysian market. Consumer Lifestyle Change The lifestyle is changing over time, therefore needs and wants for consumers always differ from time to time, it actually depend on the market trend. Perodua choose to target on people who prefer compact-cars. Now a day, people demand to be more convenient in all aspect, that why they choose compact-car because it is more convenient and save space when you park it. In this context, they are considering has been successful because Perodua has a good position in the compact-car segment, which is a growing market internationally. Its Myvi model has been particularly successful. Green Car Technology Now a day, people are changing their notion and more concerning on the environmental friendly product. The advancement of technology in Lithium-ion Batteries also creates an opportunity to automotive industry to enter into the new segment. Commonly, we only heard lithium-ion batteries has helped create a market for notebook computers, cell phones, and other portable devices, from the iPod to the BlackBerry. Researchers have toiled for many years in attempts to scale this technology for use in automotive traction batteries. While the benefit for consumers could be revolutionary-and could open the door to plug-in hybrids and battery-electric vehicles-challenges remain significant. This session emphasized economic and environmental strategy rather than chemistry and engineering. Based on what researcher has done before, there is future opportunity for Perodua to focus on this potential market. Threats Consumer Perceptions towards Quality Perception of consumer is major factor that affect customer purchase decision. Customers are considering close to the buying process when they have a good perception toward a certain product. In opposite, if customer has a negative perception towards a product, therefore they would never purchase that product. Basically, Malaysian prefers to buy something that is produce by foreign manufacture because the perception in their mind stated that foreign products to be more quality compare with domestic product. As an evident of statement, we take an example in UK market; Perodua was poor publicity and researcher critic Kelisa as worst car in the world because of their quality. This is a huge threat for Perodua in targeting oversea market in the future. Economic Recession The researcher already made an assumption; there will be an economic recession in all country in these coming years. The recession will cause country facing a crisis in economic, then will give a huge impact on the global market and industry. Therefore, the rate of unemployment will be increase and more workers will lose their job soon. When people lose their job, they have no any income, by this, they will not spending in buying luxury item like cars. This is not only caused by the loss of jobs within the country suffering from recession but also due to the fact the value of a countries currency also suffers heavily in a recession, which causes the price of items to increase which includes items like raw materials, this again makes it impossible for Perodua not to raise their prices, making sales dwindle further Government control Before that, government is encouraging people to buy car because of to increase the performance of country economic. Government is providing loan openly for who that desire to have their own car. But in recent years, government is changing their policies to reduce the rate of loan provision. Only people that fulfill the requirement are qualified to get loan. Action that taking by government is forced by traffic congestion condition. Therefore, government tries to control the number of car in the road by reducing the car loan provision. This will cause the Perodua sales fall down because people will be not interested to buy car when they can’t get a loan. The high rate of air pollution caused a large amount of cars also plays an important role in influencing government policy, with the government constantly promoting car pooling and the use of public transport, it is hard to believe that the automotive industry to go undamaged. External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |External Strategic |Comment | |Factors | | |Opportunities | | |O 1. Fuel Price |Complement for automobile. | |O 2. GOV Protection |Protect domestic industry. | |O35. Buyer Lifestyle |Trends. | |O 4. GOV Policy |Incentive for old car trade –in. | |Threats | | |T 1. Customer Perception |Poor publicity. (ex: in U. K) | |T 2. Economic Recession |Consumer buying behavior changed. | |T 3. GOV Control |Due to traffic congestion. Summary of Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |Strength |Weaknesses | |S1. Reasonable price |T1. Lack of Expertise | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T2. Slow in Launching New Car Model | |S3. Learning Centre |T3. Increase of Production Cost | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | |Opportunities |Threats | |O 1. Fuel Price Strength |T 1. Customer Perception | |S1. Reasonable price |T 2. Economic Recession | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T 3. GOV Control | |S3. Learning Centre | | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | Problems and challenges face by Perodua There is vehemence competition in the automotive industry, no matter in domestic or international market. If we look at local automotive anufacture, the main competitor for Perodua is Proton which is introduced the first Malaysian car in local automotive market. Compare with Perodua, government are giving more support to Proton especially in financial part because they are the first mover in this industry for the local industry. Moreover, it also represents the success of Malaysian in automotive industry. This kind of advantage allowed Proton actively in RD and advertising activities. For recently, everyone knew that both of car manufacture would launch their new MPV car in the market, but their launching date is different. Proton will launch their first MPV car on March 2009 which Perodua launch their new MPV car Alza after eight month of Proton launch it MPV Exora. Late launching their new MPV Alza compare with Proton MPV Exora made Perodua need to capture more sales to increase their sale volume for their new MPV Alza. Beside competition from local manufacture, Perodua also faced problem in coping foreign manufacture like Toyota and Honda as a main competitors. Nowadays, Perodua is using own designer in design new car model. However, lack of expertise makes Perodua slow in launching new car model if compare to other imported car brand. This will lead to customers switch to others newest model in the market. For example, Perodua launch new model in an average of interval 2 years time. It’s consider too long for a highly compete market. It is because car maker launch new model to capture new market, but Perodua react slower than other car maker in launching new model, this will make Perodua lose its market share. For example, Proton is launching their new MPV in March 2009, but Perodua just announce that Perodua MPV will launch in the second half year. This kind of slow action will let competitor, Proton gain the new market share for local made MPV. Raw material price tend to be higher in the future as what the government stated before, because the demand of raw material seem to be exceed resource supply in this recent year. With the emergence of new markets that require the same basic building block to manufacture their own products, a company like Perodua does not only have to compete with competitors in their own industry but also with other industries like Airliner companies. In future time, this situation. will cause Perodua to spend more in buying raw material that needed for car production such as steel, aluminums and etc but it also make them can not competitive with their competitor to produce low cost vehicle. Alternative strategies use by Perodua to solve their problems and challenges Due to the creativity and innovative by human being, technologies are advanced along with time. If we see from marketing perspective, the automotive industry is position at the growth stage in a market life cycle. This means that there is still broadness space for improvement automotive industry one of the examples of innovation is introduction of hybrid vehicles in current market. Based on research, Hybrid gas-electric cars represent one of the automotive industrys fastest growing segments. The concept of Hybrid cars is giving value to the user in terms of convenience and fuel efficiency. Launching new Hybrid car Perodua Bezza in 2015 are one of the alternative competitive advantage take by Perodua to produce new vehicle which have strong demand in market. By launching new Perodua Bezza, they can penetrate in new market to produce this Hybrid car and fulfil their customers need so that they can use this opportunity as their competitive advantage to competitive with other carmaker. Build strong relationship with suppliers also one of the alternative practice by Perodua in order to reduce the raw materials prices. Equipment, machinery, raw materials, and associated services are play a important role to affect Perodua profit. By building a strong and good relationship with suppliers can help Perodua to retain their character to produce low and comfort car to their customer. When Perodua build a strong relationship with their supplier, the supplier will give them a suitable prices or discount during they purchase materials or services with them. So, build strong relationship with supplier not only can help Perodua to maintain their cost during production but it also can give Perodua a opportunity to continue produce low cost and comfort car for their customers and market. RECOMMENDATION Employee Training Training is a thing that can gain employee experience and expertise in order to increase company overall performance and productivity. Due to the advancement of today technology, company needs more employees that are familiar with new innovation technology and adapt to the revolution. As we see in TOWS matrix, learning centres (strength) and technology innovation (opportunity) is the main factors that directly support this strategy (employee training). There are two alternatives for Perodua to implement their training activity, which is send their workforce to oversea or perform it in local. The benefit for sending their workforce to oversea is, workforce may learn or adapt the technology that is new for them. When they come back to their home country, so they able to apply the knowledge’s and skills that they learned into their job. But, this type of training usually is more costly. Perodua actually may apply second alternative which is perform their activities in local because they already have their own learning centre for their workers. The only thing that they need to improve about their centre is, in terms of quality of the learning centre. Maybe they may recruit some experts from oversea to come here for educating and sharing different experience with their workers. The advantage of this action is, company won’t need to spend a lot of money to send their workers to oversea, by the way workers will expose to new experience even they have been trained in local. All of activities in improving workers skill and expertise can be consider as a functional strategy which is stated under Human Resource Department. Brand Repositioning In Malaysians’ perception, national car is a cheap but low quality car compare to other car brand. It is basically influenced by Proton to the market. Once Proton Wira is launched in Malaysia, many Malaysians buy this car, but this car is come with a lot of problems. This kind of bad perception may also influence the second national car in Malaysia, Perodua. Those customers’ perceptions had been embedded into their mind long time ago. This kind of perceptions may influence the customer’s choices in purchasing a car. Therefore, Perodua need to change customers’ mind in thinking such that way. In this situation, Perodua is facing the issue of brand name that is placed by consumer in a same category of Proton that is representative of low quality. This is a bad image for Perodua and is limiting Perodua in penetrating into more new market. In this kind of situation, Perodua need to clarify that the technology of the Perodua cars are from foreign country, Japan. Japan is a high technology environment in producing car. Those cars produced in Japan are high quality. This make customers in market believe that cars from Japan are good in quality, so they are willing to pay more in order to get a good quality car if compare to cars that produced in local plant. One of the strength for Perodua is that one of the Perodua’s subsidiaries is Daihatsu, and then Toyota is one of the subsidiaries of Daihatsu. Most of the model that launched by Perodua is model of Daihatsu. Perodua can clarify that the quality of car is same with Daihatsu car in Japan. Besides that, Toyota also let the Avanza model being assembled in Perodua plant. That means Perodua’s plant had met the qualification of Toyota in order to assemble it. It’s because Toyota is a good quality car producer. Toyota will not let Perodua assemble their car if Perodua doesn’t have the qualification. The strategy that Perodua should use is functional strategy. In functional strategy, marketing strategy is suitable for Perodua now in order to change the customers’ mind towards brand Perodua. Perodua should reposition its brand in customer’s mind. The repositioning process can be done by launching lots of sales promotion and trade show. In between the trade show, customers can test drive the Perodua’s car. This gives them a chance in testing the real car rather than just listen to others opinions that are not being confirmed yet. Marketing Strategies In terms of marketing strategy, Perodua actually may refer to marketing mix to develop their strategy. There are four elements in marketing mix (4P) which is product, place, price and promotion. The different strategy will be use according to each P. But in this research, we only focus on the 3P’s which is product, price and promotion. For product strategy, Perodua should heavily expend in the R because through this activity only they would know what and how to improve their product. Roughly, the activities that may implement by Perodua towards products are expanding the product features, advantage and benefits (FAB). Feature is a physical characteristic that owned by the product itself like size, color and shape. Advantage is performance characteristic like the function of the product. However benefit is a result of advantage which is after use benefits. It can be divided into practical benefit and psychological benefit. For pricing strategy, Perodua should reconsider their supply chain in order to minimize their production cost. They actually can dealing with their existing supplier or select new one to cut off the raw material price as much as they can. When raw material acquisition price getting low then it will directly leads to the lower selling price to end consumer. The flows of supply chain are very important for a company in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. If they manage to operate it supply chain effectively so it will increase the performance of the company. However for promotion, there are many tools can be use by Perodua to implement their promotion activities. We recommend Perodua to focus on advertising and sales promotion to promote their product. If we compare to other competitors, Perodua advertisement is rarely appear in media. It may cause to lack of awareness by consumer towards a Perodua product. As we know, television is the best medium for marketer to communicate their product to the consumer because it is large number of the audience. So, maybe action that can be taken by Perodua is to develop more attractive advertisement and post it to the high exposure media to increase the consumer awareness. In price promotion, maybe Perodua could give some incentives or discount to the car buyer to persuade them to purchase the car. Example, they could pull down their price during the promotion period (during fair or road show) to attract people to buy. As a conclusion, all of these marketing activities and programs are falls under functional strategy (Marketing Department). Create more new car models The typical business firm usually considers three type of strategy which is corporate, business, and functional but it is only emphasized in business and functional strategy in this generating alternative strategy by using Tows Matrix. Firstly, business strategies are divided into two categories, competitive and cooperative strategies. Perodua would use competitive strategies in the car industry. In competitive strategy, Perodua is encouraged to implement niche-low-cost-differentiation strategy. Perodua should more create new models by fulfill the different segment of customers requirement. For example, the smallest family will buy smaller car such as Myvi and the biggest family will choose to buy multi-purpose vehicle. Besides that, Perodua must maintain the producing cost in order to compete with others. If the prices were approximately close to or expensive than foreign cars, domestic consumers would shift to buy foreign cars. As a carmaker, the company must sensitive to the requirement of the market. The company needs to come out different car models to attract more potential customers and customers will have more choices to buy a compatible car. Perodua was produced various car models such as Perodua Kancil (1994), Perodua Rusa (1996), Perodua Kembara (1998-2008), Perodua Kenari (2000), Perodua Kelisa (2001), Perodua Myvi (2005), Perodua Viva (2007) and Perodua Nautica (2008). It shows that Perodua was slowness in creating new car models. Perodua normally spend in between of one to four years for creating new car models. On the orders hand, the Daihatsu is one of the partners of Perodua Company was produced new models fastest than Perodua such as Daihatsu Valera (1996-2001), Daihatsu Gran Move(1996-2002), Daihatsu Move (1997-2002), Daihatsu Terios (1997-2005), Daihatsu Sirion (1998-2004), Daihatsu Mira Gino (1999-2004), Daihatsu Naked (2000-2004), Daihatsu Copen (2002), Daihatsu Tanto (2003), Daihatsu Xenia (2003), Daihatsu Esse(2005), Daihatsu Sonica (2005). Base on information, it is clearly stated that Daihatsu probably create new models in every year. Daihatsu was founded in 1907. It is easy for Daihatsu to create new car models in every year because it has longer car making experience. Daihatsu should send some expatriates to guide Perodua to built new car models because Daihatsu has enough expertise in producing car. Furthermore, the new models of Perodua was always depend on Daihatsu, therefore it will consume long period to launch a new models in domestic market. This may put Perodua behind others competitor and it may lost an opportunity for Perodua to capture more market share. In fact, there are several of cars which is rebadged from Daihatsu’s car models which is Perodua Kancil (1994) is rebadged third/fourth generation of the Mira (1990-1994), Perodua Kelisa (2002) is rebadged fifth generation of the Mira (1995) and Perodua Viva (2007) is rebadged sixth generation of the Mira (2002) which mean Perodua always rely on modification of Daihatsu models. Therefore, Daihatsu should give authorization for Perodua to developed new models because Perodua was more familiar with local customer needs and preferences. This is a win-win situation for both companies which mean Daihatsu can earn more profits in term of creating more new car models by Perodua. Moreover, Perodua is given a chance to develop their potential in creating a new car models and it is indirectly create job opportunity for local market which can build company a good reputation. Secondly is functional strategy, Perodua should concentrate in financial strategy and Research, and Development strategy (R D) and Human Resource Management strategy (HRM). In financial strategy, Perodua should control the cost of create a new car models whether it is over budget. Perodua might spend in promotion cost to exposure the existence of new car models and R D cost for produce a good quality and innovation cars. In R D strategy, Perodua can either choose technological leader or technological follower. Perodua would choose technological followership because it is lower the cost of product or value activities by learning from the leader’s experience such as their partner Daihatsu. Daihatsu was supply those car components and designs which mean Perodua does not actually produce any in house designs or engineering for the main components. Base on the Human Resource Management (HRM) strategy, Perodua can create its own car models by training local people rather than always depend on its partner-Daihatsu. By creating more new idea, Perodua suggest to cultivate talent people through giving scholarship for local students to study the course of Transportation design. The local students have opportunity to learn the skills of design of cars. For example, the Umea Institute of Design at Umea University Sweden offering young design students from all over the world to its two-year Master of Arts degree program in Transportation Design. Training local employee is cheaper than sending foreign expertise to develop the company. Improvement of car feature and car design Automotive design is primarily concerned with developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of the vehicle and also involved in the creation of the product concept. Moreover, automotive design consists 3 main parts which is interior design, exterior design, and color and trim design. Therefore, it is one of the important parts in making a car. Before go in more depth for the explanation, it is important to know what is the differences between all the 3 kinds of design. Simply put, the responsible for the design of the exterior of the vehicle is to develop the proportions, shape, and surfaces of the vehicle. However, the responsible for the design of the vehicle interior develops the proportions, shape, placement, and surfaces for the instrument panel, seats, door trim panels, headliner, pillar trims, and etc. Here the emphasis is on the comfort of the passengers. For the color and trim design, it’s responsible for the research, design, and development of all interior and exterior colors and materials used on a vehicle. These include paints, plastics, fabric designs, leather, grains, carpet, headliner, wood trim, and so on. Color, contrast, texture, and pattern must be carefully combined to give the vehicle a unique interior environment experience. As we know, Perodua has come out one series of automobile since it founded in Malaysia; Kancil (year of 1994), Kelisa (year of 2001), Kenari (year of 2000), Myvi (year of 2005), Viva (year of 2007), and the most recently is Nautica which is in the year of 2008. Although the car designs is different from each other in terms of exterior design, interior design, and color and trim design; yet there serve a same purpose for each design which mean it’s wanted to make the automobile more attractive to look, easily and convenient to use, and so on. For example, headlamp, front turn signal, this is all the aspect that must be consider when design a car because this is a basic needs for each and every vehicles. Without these facilities, it is worthless for one vehicle and indeed, it can’t count as an automobile. A good design for these facilities is a bonus and can reinforce the perception of the user on Perodua automobile. Hence, Perodua must perceive a way to improve its car design in order to boost the sales and performance of the company. There is some ways to achieve this objective, firstly, Perodua can organize a car design competition via university or open to everyone that is interested. For example, Domus Academy and Audi Group have launched the second edition of the Desire Design Competition, which asks participants to create a dream car and offers scholarships for the 2009-2010 Master in Car Design. This is a reciprocal strategy for both parties which mean that Perodua can buy and capture the creative idea as much as they want from the participants; while in return, Perodua can offer a job for who is winning in the competition and help him or her in building her or his career path. This indirectly can build a strong brand name and a great reputation in the society. For this case, it can say that Perodua has to focus on its human resources functional strategy. In this competitive and changing business environment, Perodua has to always ensure that it company is capable enough to deal with this changing environment. As we know, employees are the one who running the whole company, it can reflect that human resources are playing the essential role and human resources were so the valuable assets to one company. Therefore, Perodua should act as a talent scout to search for the talented performer through organizing some activities and have to appreciate every talent employee who is fully contributed to their company. Secondly, company must set a goal to encourage their employee to getting award because t show that the company is putting a lot of effort on designing a car and thus, achieving high sales is not a big deal for that particular company. As a proof, the ever popular MYVI which was launched on 25th May 2005 has been awarded the prestigious BEST MODEL OF THE YEAR (MALAYSIA) award from Frost Sullivan. Frost and Sullivan is an internationally renowned growth consultancy company and are represented in various countries around the world. The company honors and recognizes companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service and strategic product development. Award recipients at the Frost Sullivan ASEAN Automotive Awards is noted to clearly demonstrate outstanding leadership in their own market segments and have utmost focus on a customer centric strategy. Several evaluation criteria that were taken into consideration were; revenue growth, market share, growth in market share, leadership in product innovation, marketing strategy and business development strategy. Therefore, it is clearly to state that one good design car and good feature car have a direct relationship with the sales. It is because customer will only buy a car that they are affordable but also possess a good design and good feature on it. Improvement of car quality It has been 10 years since Perodua was established as the second national car-maker and within a decade, it has risen to the challenge and become a household name in Malaysia. Starting from scratch, Perodua quickly rose to become the No. 2 automotive brand in the country, a position it has maintained till today. Meanwhile, PERODUA was so the first car manufacturer in Malaysia to achieve the prestigious ISO 9002 and ISO 9001 certification awarded by the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) from the United Kingdom. To maintain its position in the local marketplace, Perodua need to ensure that there is always an improvement for the vehicles they produce but still at an affordable price. There are many dimension of quality which is performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. One quality car is also means that it is a safety car at the same times in the perception of the passengers or occupants. First and foremost, we know that supplier is playing an important role in regard with the car quality improvement. Therefore, Perodua has to ensure it choosing a trustable supplier who is supply the quality auto parts in producing a quality vehicles. Hence, it shouldn’t overlook each and every small accessories part, sometimes it couldn’t be success without these little small auto parts contribution. From this point of view, it is important to know that here the growth strategy in the corporation strategy is playing a crucial role. We suggest Perodua to have a cooperative contractual relationship with their suppliers which mean Perodua purchase the resources from its supplier through long term contract instead of keep on changing it auto part supplier. This long-term relationship can bring a win-win situation for both parties. Secondly, practicing quality control in the assembly process can ensure the output its produce is meeting the standards and quality. What is so called a quality car? It can measure in term of durability and performance. One good performance car is easy to be control by occupants because of its good car structure, horsepower, engine and etc. Moreover, normally a car still can function after use up to quite a long time only it can counted as a durable car otherwise it may not worth to buy a car that only can last for 2 to 3 years. It is because transportation nowadays is a very important element that everyone must use it every day even they can just afford to have a compact but not a luxury car, but at least have one for every household. In this scenario, implementing a quality control in the assembly process is related with the quality control functional strategy. his quality control department is responsible to ensure each and every stages that implement in the assembly process must meeting the standard, hence, it can reduce the repairing cost, lost of sales cost, and etc. Besides from product quality, services quality before and after-sale services is also a very important element to the company to converting buyers into die-hard fans and improve company image. The after-sales objectives is fulfill customer satisfactio n, customer retention, efficiency in work and job flow, both for the distributor and dealer, and high service absorption for dealers. Perodua services provided such as maintenance service packages (from 1,000km till 100,000km). Service interval at every 5,000km or 3 months whichever earlier, 45 minutes vehicle serviced without any complaint, part replacement and repair, an accident repair body repair, insurance claim, Insurance road tax renewal, warranty job, air-conditioner service, radiator coolant, replacement brake bleeding system, front bear brake Service, valve clearance adjustment ,V-belt replacement, and wiper blade replacement service. Perodua needs to improve the services quality of before sale and after-sale services. The company should concentrate in functional strategy. In the functional strategy, Perodua is suggesting to implement human resource management (HRM) strategy and information technology strategy. In the human resource management, manager should do appraisal of worker performance such as 360-degree appraisal. This might help the company to increase workers performance and job satisfaction. A competent and customer-focused service and parts business can be achieved only with competent and service-oriented staff. Perodua responsible to give training specialist After-Sales staff to upgrade their performances and skills. Training program that included of teach employee about the manners to deal with the customers start from before sales until after-sales services. Furthermore, Perodua should increasingly use the information technology to provide business units with competitive advantage. Perodua must always upload the latest information in the webpage such as latest services provided, latest new car models, latest prices and activities launch by showroom. Perodua is recommended launching mail-order companies, among other factors, on the opportunity that the customer has of paying in installments. Clearly this incentive could serve as a loyalty retention scheme as the customer is bound for the credit period. Moreover, customers frequently burden by monthly installment, producers’ banks might offering finance schemes for new cars might also consider offering the end customer financing for after-sales products. Reference 2009 Perodua MPV Rendered Speculation, Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/09/21/2009-perodua-mpv-rendered-speculation/ 2009 Perodua MPV:new artists impression. Retrieved February 21, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/11/06/2009-perodua-mpv-new-artists-impression/ Corporate Information. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://www. perodua. com. my/index. php? section=corporate Desire Design Competition 2008. Retrieved at, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , from http://www. carbodydesign. com/archive/2008/11/18-desire-design-competition-2008/ Perodua. Retrieved at, †¦. from, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Perodua Perodua’s New Learning Centre. Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. fleet-asia. com/news/2008/12/perodua%E2%80%99s_new_learning_centre The Development of the Automobile Industry and the Road Ahead http://www. statistics. gov. my/eng/images/stories/files/journalDOSM/V204_AUTOMOBILE. pdf [pic]

Humanism during Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Humanism during Renaissance Essay Renaissance is a term used to describe rebirth (in French), which began in Italy in late middle age and then spread to other parts of Europe. During the Renaissance people to question the Scholastic methods of that time and their questioning resulted as the birth of humanism. Humanism goes along with secularism in the sense that it makes humans beings, not God, the centre of attention. People began to do things because they enjoyed them rather than for Gods glory. It was responsible for the change in the medieval education system, emphasizing on rational and racial thinking. Humanism emphasizes on the importance of knowledge, as well as on the potential of the individual and civil responsibility. This concept of humanism became the core of renaissance style. It was in this age that people began to reason and think rationally. Even the term used for the Renaissance philosophers, humanists, shows how the focus of the peoples attention had shifted from Heaven and God to this world and human beings. Individualism takes humanism a step further by saying that individual humans were capable of great accomplishments. Renaissance philosophers saw humans as intelligent creatures capable of reasoning (and questioning the authority) rather than being mindless pawns helplessly manipulated by God. Humanism profoundly affected the artist community and how artists themselves were perceived. The medieval mind viewed artists as humble servants whose talent and ability were meant to honor God. This is evident in the work of medieval artists adoring churches and cathedrals. Renaissance artists, in contrast, were trained intellectuals well versed in the classical and mathematical principles. And the art that they created reflected this newfound perspective. In art, linear and aerial perspective developed and artists considered their canvases to be windows to the natural world. Their task became to portray the natural world as realistically as possible. Renaissance art portrayed the human body as a thing of beauty in its own right and not like a medieval comic strip character whose only reason to exist was for the glory of God. People were often conceived as nudes covered in real fabric rather than the medieval concept of clothes with a head and ands showing, Leonardo Da Vinci and humanism. Painters eliminated extra features and details so that the viewers attention would focus on the theme of the painting rather than be distracted by details. Paintings became balanced and started to express emotions. During the middle age, saints in paintings wore halos around their heads; saints would also look larger in size than the humans. As humanism became popular the size of the saints began to look more human, halos became fainter and then eventually disappeared. The media of art evolved as well. Early paintings were usually done with egg tempera, which dried fast and created a flat rough surface. Oil paint was introduced in the early 1 5th century, and became immensely popular as it dried slowly and was translucent, allowing light to shine through the paintings. Humanism freed remarkable individuals and geniuses such as Leonardo ad Vinci to live up to their potential without being held back by the medieval society that discouraged innovation. Other ways in which individualism is seen during Renaissance is that the artists started signing their paintings, thus showing individualistic pride in their work. During the Renaissances, architects trained as humanists helped raise the status of their profession from skilled laborers to artists. Renaissance architecture shows clarity as it emphasizes on clean lines, geometrical shapes, symmetry, and was very systematical. When comparing the Gothic architecture and the renaissance architecture, the Renaissance architecture seems to be more practical in terms of height, and spacing. As in the classical world, Renaissances architecture is characterized by harmonious form, mathematical proportion, and a unit of measurement based on human scale. Study Guide Unit 5 Exam: European Renaissance ReformationPatrician man The drawing is based on the ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitreous. He describes the human as the principal source of proportion among the classical orders of architect. The image of the man exemplifies the blend of art and science during the Renaissances. An example of the proportions found in the Patrician man The drawing the length of the outspread arm is equal to the height of a man, from the hairline to the bottom of the chin is one tenth of the height of the man, and from below the chin to the top of the head is one eight of the heights of the man form. Above the chest to the top of the head is one- sixth of the height of the man form and from above the chest to the hair line is one seventh of the height of the man. The maximum width of the shoulder is a quarter of the height of the man. Temple fronts. His keen understanding and observation of classical architecture is also seen in the Church of Santa Andrea in Mantra. The columns in this building are not used decoratively but functional as lord bearing support. For Albert, architecture was not Just creating building but to give a meaning.